I. Display Panel
The display panel forms the heart of a smart mirror. The size, resolution, and type of the display panel directly affect the features and usability of the smart mirror. The majority of displays currently used in smart mirrors range from LCD, LED to OLED panels, each with distinct advantages.
An LCD panel provides affordability and easy availability. However, they slightly lag concerning contrast and color accuracy compared to LED and OLED panels. Use of an LED panel offers better color gamut, contrast, and power efficiency than an LCD. For the best performance, an OLED panel is highly recommended. They offer precise colors, flawless dark levels, swift response times, and energy efficiency. The choice of the display panel also depends on its size, with the most common sizes for smart mirrors ranging between 10 inches to 32 inches.
II. Mirror Panel
The mirror panel serves as the interface between the user and the technology behind it. It is no ordinary mirror, but rather a two-way or one-way type, tinged with a semi-transparent layer. This layer allows light from the display panel to pass through, making it visible to the user.
Two-way mirrors, also known as transparent mirrors, are the most frequently used due to their economical nature. They offer darker reflection compared to one-way mirrors and are easier to source. On the other hand, one-way mirrors, also known as smart mirrors or beam splitter mirrors, provide a lighter, more natural, and undistorted reflection.
III. Microcontroller or Microcomputer
The brains behind a smart mirror are a microcontroller or a microcomputer. These tiny computers control the display, respond to user inputs, and run various software applications. Some of the popular choices include Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and Intel Edison. The Raspberry Pi is favored due to its power, flexibility, and sizable online community support. However, an Arduino board serves as a more straightforward option for those not comfortable with coding.
IV. Sensors
Sensors play a crucial role in making a smart mirror interactive and personalized. A motion sensor or a PIR sensor can detect the presence of a user in proximity and wake up the mirror from sleep mode. Climate sensors measure temperature and humidity, while light sensors adjust the brightness of the display based on the ambient light. You may also incorporate touch sensors or cameras to introduce touch controls and facial recognition capabilities, adding an extra layer of functionality and convenience to your smart mirror.
V. Power Supply
Power supply units (PSUs) are responsible for the continuous and stable operation of your smart mirror. They convert the domestic AC supply into DC for powering the device. Choose a PSU that offers optimum power output for your smart mirror’s needs without overheating or causing power surges.
VI. Cables and Adapters
Proper cable management is crucial in a smart mirror project. The HDMI cable connects the microcontroller to the display panel, while Ethernet and USB cables provide networking and peripheral connectivity.
Adapters are also essential. For instance, a microcontroller may require an HDMI to VGA or DVI adapter to connect to a display. It is also worth considering using wireless solutions, such as Wi-Fi dongles, to reduce the clutter of cables.
VII. Mounting and Casing
The mounting case houses all of the smart mirror’s components and attaches it to the wall. For a minimalist and sleek design, consider thin profile casings made from lightweight materials like aluminum or plastic. Depending on your skills and taste, you can also go for a DIY wooden frame, which gives you the liberty to customize the size, color, and finish.
VIII. Software
The software dictates the smart mirror’s capabilities, catering to various functionalities from simply displaying time and weather updates to complex tasks like syncing with your personal calendar or running voice commands.
Several open-source projects are readily available for such setups, the most popular being MagicMirror2. It is supplemented with numerous third-party modules serving versatile purposes like integrating newsfeed, stock data, traffic updates, and more.
Creating your smart mirror is a fun and rewarding DIY project that involves a degree of technical knowledge. However, with careful research and a little patience, anyone can build a smart mirror that reflects their individual needs and technological prowess. Make sure to choose the right components and software for your smart mirror project, ensuring that it is not only functional but a unique and impressive addition to your living space.
